بقلم: د . عائض القرني

Sunday, February 1, 2009

السبت, 24 يناير 2009 11:13


د . عائض القرني


أعتز بإسلامي، وأتشرف بإيماني، فديني فوق كل اعتبار ومقارنات، لكن أريد أن أقارن بين العرب وبين الغرب في عالم الدنيا، فالغرب أنجز في عالم السياسة والاقتصاد والصناعة والعمل والإنتاج آلاف الأضعاف مما أنتج العرب المعاصرون، إذا أفتتح الغرب مصنعاً أفتتح العرب قناة فضائية عابثة، وإذا اكتشف الغرب دواءً أو محركاً أو صناعة، أكتشف العرب أغنية أو لعبة أو هواية، إذا أقام الغرب جامعة للإبداع والاختراع والاحترام، أقام العرب مهرجاناً للقبيلة، وإذا سافر الغرب إلى المريخ وعطارد والزهرة، سافر العرب إلى رحلة بريّة؛ لصيد الأرانب والغزلان والضبان، وإذا عقد الغرب برلماناً لمدارسة شئونهم وعلاج أخطائهم، عقد العرب محاكمة للضمير والقلم الحر والرأي، وإذا أنتج الغرب دبابةً وصاروخاً وطائرة، أنتج العرب ملهى وبوفيه ومرقصاً، وإذا توسع الغرب في المحيطات وعبر القارات للاستيلاء على الثروات وأخذ الخيرات، توسع العرب في أراضي جيرانهم ومزارع إخوانهم وسلبوا حقوق عشيرتهم، عند الغرب مزاين أف 16 ومزاين الكونكورد سابقة الصوت ومزاين الميرسدس ومزاين اللكزس ومزاين حاملات الطائرات وقاذفات الصواريخ، وعند العرب مزاين الإبل ومزاين البقر ومزاين الغنم ومزاين الغواني، الغرب يأخذ من العرب خام الحديد فينتجه مصفّحة ومدفعاً وقذيفة ورشاشاً، والغرب يأخذ من العرب خام الخشب فيصنعه طاولة وكرسياً وباباً ونافذة ودولاباً ويبيعه على العرب، والغرب يأخذ من العرب الحجارة فينتجها رخاماً وبلاطاً ومرمراً ويوردها على العرب بأضعاف الأثمان، إذا تقاعد العربي أُصيب بالوسواس والهذيان والإسهال والسمنة والضغط والسكري والجلطة من الفراغ القاتل والإهمال المميت، وإذا تقاعد الغربي كُرّم ومُنح الجوائز التقديرية والشهادات الفخرية واستُفيد من تجاربه وخبراته، مع الغربي في سيارته كتاب ودفتر وقلم وآلة تسجيل وتصوير لتقييد وحفظ المعلومات والأفكار، وعند العربي في سيارته هراوة وكرباج وسلة حلويات وزنبيل فواكه ومرطبات، يصنع الغرب الباص والقطار والحراثة والثلاجة والسخانة، وينتج العرب صحافاً من العيدان وأقداحاً من الخشب وفؤوساً وخناجر وقدوراً من النحاس باسم التراث الشعبي المجيد، الغربي يقرأ في الطائرة والسيارة والأتوبيس والحديقة، والعربي يسولف في الطائرة ويرقص في الميدان ويسهر مع الشلة ويسمر مع الأصحاب ويغني مع الأحباب، أخذ العرب من الغرب البنـز والجنـز والقبّعة والبيتزا والهمبرجر وقصّة الشَّعر والكرفتّا، وأخذ الغرب من العرب تراث الأجداد من المعرفة والإبداع والعلوم، وأخذ العرب من الغرب الأكل بالشوكة والملعقة وبعض الكلمات، وأخذ الغرب من العرب النفط والغاز والمعادن والأخشاب والآثار والمخطوطات، وليت الغرب أخذ من العرب الإيمان والقرآن وسنة ولد عدنان، وليت العرب أخذ من الغرب العمل والجد والمثابرة والصناعة والإبداع. إذا عقد العرب قمة فضجيج وصجيج وهراش وهواش ثم يخرجون بلا قرارات وإذا عقد الغرب قمة فصمت وهدوء ولياقة واحترام ثم قرارات قاطعة تهز العالم، العرب يتحدون العالم بأجمل أغنية وأفضل لاعب وأروع موسيقي وأكبر فنان، والغرب يتحدى العالم بأضخم ناقلة وأقوى صاروخ وأقدم جامعة وأعظم اختراع، العربي مهموم بثوبه وجزمته ونظارته وساعته، والغربي مهموم بدوامه وانتاجه واكتشافه ودراسته، عند العرب سباق للهجن والخيول والصقور، وعند الغرب تسابق في الكيف والنوعية والتصدير والإنتاج، تسمع عند العرب هدير العرضة والرقصة والدبكه والسامري وتسمع عند الغرب هدير المصانع والمعامل والميراج والهوك والأباتشي. وهذا لا يعني أني أتمنى حياة الغرب، فوالله الذي لا إله إلا هو إن الأعرابي أي البدوي الساكن بخيمة في الصحراء وهو يعرف ربه ويتبع رسوله ويصلي خمسة أفضل عندي من مليار من وزن الرئيس الأمريكي {أَفَنَجْعَلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَالْمُجْرِمِينَ َمَا لَكُمْ كَيْفَ تَحْكُمُونَ }.


د. عائض القرني
داعية ومفكر إسلامي

History of Anime






Anime



Anime (アニメ, taken from half of the Japanese pronunciation of "animation", but typically pronounced /ˈænɪmeɪ/ or /ˈænɪmə/ in English) is animation in Japan and considered to be "Japanese animation" in the rest of the world. Anime dates from about 1917.
Anime, in addition to manga (Japanese comics), is extremely popular in Japan and well known throughout the world. Anime itself is considered a form of limited animation. Anime can be released either by television broadcast or released directly to video, in which case it is often called OVA or OAV (Original Animation Video).
Anime can be hand-drawn or computer animated. It is used in television series, films, video, video games, commercials, and internet-based releases, and represents most, if not all, genres of fiction.


History




Screenshot from Momotaro's Divine Sea Warriors (1944),
the first feature-length anime film

Anime began at the start of the 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers experimented with the animation techniques that were being explored in France, Germany, the United States, and Russia. The oldest known anime in existence was screened in 1917 - a two minute clip of a samurai trying to test a new sword on his target, only to suffer defeat.
By the 1930s, animation became an alternative format of storytelling compared to the underdeveloped live-action industry in Japan. Unlike in the United States, the live-action industry in Japan remained a small market and suffered from budgeting, location, and casting restrictions. The lack of Western-looking actors, for example, made it next to impossible to shoot films set in Europe, America, or fantasy worlds that do not naturally involve Japan. Animation allowed artists to create any characters and settings.
The success of Disney's 1937 feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs influenced Japanese animators.
In the 60's, Osamu Tezuka adapted and simplified many Disney animation techniques to reduce the costs and number of frames in the production. This was intended to be a temporary measure to allow him to produce material on a tight schedule with an inexperienced animation staff.
During the 1970s, there was a surge of growth in the popularity of manga—which were often later animated—especially those of Osamu Tezuka, who has been called a "legend" and the "god of manga". His work and that of other pioneers in the field, inspired characteristics and genres that are fundamental elements of anime today. The giant robot genre (known as "Mecha" outside Japan), for instance, took shape under Tezuka, developed into the Super Robot genre under Go Nagai and others, and was revolutionized at the end of the decade by Yoshiyuki Tomino who developed the Real Robot genre. Robot anime like the Gundam and Macross series became instant classics in the 1980s, and the robot genre of anime is still one of the most common in Japan and worldwide today. In the 1980s, anime became more accepted in the mainstream in Japan (although less than manga), and experienced a boom in production. Following a few successful adaptations of anime in overseas markets in the 1980s, anime gained increased acceptance in those markets in the 1990s and even more in the 2000s.




Terminology



In Japanese, the English term animation is written in katakana as アニメーション (animēshon, pronounced [ɑnimeːɕoɴ]and the term anime (アニメ)emerged in the 1970s as an abbreviation, though some state that the abbreviated word is based on the French word dessin animé. Both the original and abbreviated forms are valid and interchangeable in Japanese, but the shorter form is more commonly used.
The pronunciation of anime in Japanese, ɑnime, differs significantly from the Standard English IPA: /ˈænɪmeɪ/ which have different vowels and stress. (In Japanese each mora carries equal stress.) As with a few other Japanese words such as saké, Pokémon, and Kobo Abé, anime is sometimes spelled animé in English (as in French), with an acute accent over the final e, to cue the reader that the letter is pronounced, not silent as would be expected in English. However, this accent does not appear in any commonly used system of romanized Japanese and is not in frequent enough use to be recognized by the Oxford English Dictionary.



Word usage

In Japan, the term does not specify an animation's nation of origin or style; instead, it is used as a blanket term to refer to all forms of animation from around the world. In English, dictionary sources define anime as "a Japanese style of motion-picture animation" or "a style of animation developed in Japan". Non-Japanese works that borrow stylization from anime is commonly referred to as "anime-influenced animation" but it is not unusual for a viewer who does not know the country of origin of such material to refer to it as simply "anime". Some works are co-productions with non-Japanese companies, such as most of the traditionally animated Rankin/Bass works, the Cartoon Network and Production I.G series IGPX or Ōban Star-Racers, which may or may not be considered anime by different viewers.In English, anime can be used as a common noun ("Do you watch anime?") or as a suppletive adjective ("The anime Guyver is different from the movie Guyver"). It may also be used as a mass noun, as in "How much anime have you collected?", though it is sometimes incorrectly pluralized as animes because of the Japanese language's lack of grammatical number.



Synonyms

Anime is occasionally referred to as Japanimation, but this term has fallen into disuse. Japanimation saw the most usage during the 1970s and 1980s, but was supplanted by anime in the mid-1990s as the material became more widely known in English-speaking countries. In general, the term now only appears in nostalgic contexts. Although the term was coined outside Japan to refer to animation imported from Japan, it is now used primarily in Japan, to refer to domestic animation; since anime does not identify the country of origin in Japanese usage, Japanimation is used to distinguish Japanese work from that of the rest of the world.
In Japan, manga can additionally refer to both animation and comics (although the use of manga to refer to animation is mostly restricted to non-fans). Among English speakers, manga usually has the stricter meaning of "Japanese comics". An alternate explanation is that it is due to the prominence of Manga Entertainment, a distributor of anime to the US and UK markets. Because Manga Entertainment originated in the UK the use of the term is common outside of Japan.[citation needed] The term "animanga" has been used to collectively refer to anime and manga, though it is also a term used to describe comics produced from animation cels.

source:
Wikipedia
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